ZOiS Report 6/2020 State-society relations in Belarus have been tense for many years. The presidential elections in August 2020 and the mishandling of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic have proved to be the catalyst that brought these fragile relations to a complete breakdown. Over the years, the widening gap between a new generation of an emancipated citizenry and a regime stuck in predominantly paternalistic power structures and reluctant to engage in political and economic reforms has become increasingly evident. The deteriorating economy during the last decade and the perceived decline of the country’s social welfare system have been important factors in these developments. At the same time, the regime has continued to invest in its domestic security structures to a disproportionate extent compared with neighbouring states, allowing the so-called silovye struktury (“state power structures”) to gain influence at the highest level of state governance. (…)

Die Bedeutung der Selbstverwaltungswahlen hat sich seit der Einführung von Reformen im Jahr 1999, die die Dezentralisierung der territorialen Selbstverwaltung zum Ziel hatten, erheblich vergrößert. Seitdem besteht ein neues dreistufiges Modell der territorialen Selbstverwaltung. Dieses bilden Gemeinden (derzeit 2.521), Kreise (derzeit 379) und 16 Woiwodschaften. Das Ziel der Reformer war, dass die Kompetenzen der einzelnen Selbstverwaltungsebenen einander ergänzen. Die unterste Einheit der territorialen Selbstverwaltung ist laut Verfassung die Gemeinde. (…)